You can use the Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio to locate the SQL server database file location.
Once you launched the studio, right-click on the database, select Properties. Select the Files page and you will get to see the data and log files location.
Alternatively, right-click on the database and choose New Query. Paste the following command line,
SELECT name, physical_name AS DB_FILE_LOCATION
FROM sys.master_files
The output
master C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL11.SID\MSSQL\DATA\master.mdf
mastlog C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL11.SID\MSSQL\DATA\mastlog.ldf
tempdev H:\SIDTEMPDB\tempdev.mdf
templog H:\SIDTEMPDB\templog.ldf
modeldev C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL11.SID\MSSQL\DATA\model.mdf
modellog C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL11.SID\MSSQL\DATA\modellog.ldf
MSDBData C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL11.SID\MSSQL\DATA\MSDBData.mdf
MSDBLog C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL11.SID\MSSQL\DATA\MSDBLog.ldf
SIDDATA1 F:\SIDDATA\SIDDATA1.mdf
SIDLOG1 G:\SIDLOG\SIDLOG.ldf
SIDDATA2 F:\SIDDATA\SIDDATA2.ndf
SIDDATA3 F:\SIDDATA\SIDDATA3.ndf
SIDDATA4 F:\SIDDATA\SIDDATA4.ndf
